Nylon yog lub npe lag luam rau hluavtaws polyamide fibers. Nylon 6 thiab Nylon 66 yog feem ntau siv hauv kev siv textile. Cov nylon macromolecule feem ntau muaj peb ntu: ntu hydrophobic methylene, hydrophilic amide pawg, thiab terminal amino thiab carboxyl pawg. Txawm hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus tsawg tsawg, nylon muaj ntau pawg methylene raws nws cov saw molecular muaj peev xwm tsim van der Waals rog thiab hydrogen bonds nrog dyes. Yog li ntawd, nylon tuaj yeem ua xim tsis yog los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ionic nrog anionic dyes, tab sis kuj muaj zog van der Waals kev cuam tshuam nrog cov xim. Txawm hais tias nylon 6 thiab nylon 66 muaj qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov qauv molecular thiab dyeing zog, lawv cov txheej txheem dyeing thiab tiav yog zoo tib yam.
Vim yog kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab spinning, feem ntau nylon fabrics tam sim no suav nrog elastic fibers (spandex yarn) los txhim kho puas thiab resilience, uas ntxiv complicates dyeing thiab tiav txheej txheem ntawm nylon fabrics.
1. Kab rov tav kab
Ua rau Analysis:
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj los yog lub cev cov yam ntxwv ntawm nylon fibers ntawm cov ntaub:
Kev hloov ntawm lub cev ntawm cov xov paj, suav nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xov paj suav, tus naj npawb ntawm fibers rau ib lub xov paj, los yog fiber ntau fineness, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm crimp ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib tus neeg fibers los yog crimp ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ntau fibers hauv cov xov paj.
Kev sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv fiber ntau amino cov ntsiab lus, uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm spinneret extrusion, thermal drawing, los yog twisting txheej txheem. Piv txwv xws li macromolecular structural inhomogeneities tsim thaum lub sij hawm nylon fiber ua, xws li qhov sib txawv ntawm crystallinity, orientation, los yog core- plhaub qauv.
Kev daws:
(1) Txhim kho greige ntaub tshuaj xyuas. Rau cov ntaub uas muaj kev hloov pauv, xaiv lawv rau cov xim lub teeb, ntuj dawb, lossis ci dawb.
(2) Xaiv cov dyes uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab qib qib. Disperse dyes muab kev pabcuam zoo dua thiab qib piv rau cov kua qaub dyes; xav txog kev koom ua ke ib feem ntawm disperse dyes.
2. Xim mottling tshwm sim los ntawm immersion dyeing
Ua rau Analysis:
Nylon muaj ob peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg amino pawg thiab muaj tus nqi qis qis. Thaum ob los yog ntau dua dyes siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw dyeing, kev sib tw tshwm sim rau qhov chaw dyeing -ib qho tshwm sim hu ua kev sib tw dyeing. Yog tias cov dyes xaiv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim dyeing thiab affinity, qhov tshwm sim fiber ntau ntxoov yuav txawv heev thaum lub sij hawm sib txawv dyeing. Qhov no ua rau muaj xim sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab tsis zoo rov tsim dua tshiab.
Kev daws:
Xaiv dye series nrog zoo sib xws dyeing nkhaus thiab affinity, zoo compatibility, thiab haum rau ntau lawm machinery. Master lub dyeing zog ntawm ntau yam dyes. Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv dyeing, xav txog yam tseem ceeb xws li dye uptake rate, dyeing curve, leveling properties, colorfastness performance, thiab rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab leveling agents.
(1) Ua tib zoo xav txog Dye Compatibility
Thaum sib xyaw ntau cov xim rau dyeing, xaiv cov xim uas tsim nyog thiab ua tib zoo tswj lawv cov khoom kom muaj nuj nqis. Feem ntau, ua ntej dyes los ntawm tib lub koob los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom. Yog tias cov dyes los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua ke, xaiv cov uas zoo sib xws dyeing nkhaus, piv rau qhov pib dyeing kub, thiab zoo sib xws rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias cov neeg sawv cev kom txo qis kev sib tw dyeing.
(2) Nco ntsoov qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw xim ntawm cov qauv me thiab loj - nplai
Qee qhov dyes muaj kev sib tw tsis txaus ntseeg thaum lub sijhawm me me - dyeing tab sis nthuav tawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim loj -. Piv txwv li, thaum tsim lub pas dej ntsuab thiab peacock xiav, sib txuas Acid Blue 10 nrog Acid Yellow 10 tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem zoo li no. Qhov no tshwm sim vim Acid Blue 10 muaj cov qauv molecular loj dua, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv dyeing nkhaus piv rau Acid Yellow 10, ua rau muaj kev sib tw dyeing. Hloov mus rau Acid Blue 10 ua ke nrog Acid Green 10 (uas muaj cov xim daj daj) loj heev daws cov teeb meem kev sib tw dyeing.
3. Xim mottling tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem
Nylon dyeing xav tau cov txheej txheem meej heev. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau cov xim xim thiab dyeing uniformity ntawm cov khoom dyed, nrog rau yam xws li kub thiab pH theem ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo.
Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li tsis sib xws dyeing, xim mottling, xim streaking, xim variation, thiab tsis zoo colourfastness.
(1) Tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Nylon yog cov thermoplastic fiber ntau, yog li nws cov dyeing tus nqi yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov kub ntawm dyeing yuav tsum tshaj qhov fiber ntau iav hloov kub (35-50 degree). Nylon fibers pib dye uptake ntawm 40 degree. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias nce, cov xim tuaj yeem nrawm dua, nrog cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntau dua 100 degree. Txawm hais tias dyeing yog qhov tseem ceeb ua tiav ntawm 100 degree, cua sov ntxiv ua kom yooj yim dye tsiv teb tsaws, txhim kho xim uniformity. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj tsis raug ntawm cov cua sov tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau dyeing tsis sib xws.
Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov dye uptake tus nqi kuj txawv nyob ntawm seb cov xim tshwj xeeb. Rau leveling dyes, tus nqi uptake maj mam nce nrog nce kub. Rau shrink -resistant dyes, tus nqi nce tsuas yog pib nce sai heev thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 60℃. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv 65-85℃ntau yam, tswj tus nqi cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav nylon dyeing. Kev tswj tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj xim sai sai, tsis muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, kev faib xim tsis sib xws, thiab nyuaj rau kev kho qhov tsis xws luag. Thaum dyeing nylon nrog shrink -resistant dyes, thawj dyeing kub yuav tsum yog chav tsev kub. Tsis pub dhau 65-85 degree, nruj me ntsis tswj cov cua sov kom txog li 1℃/ min, ntxiv tus neeg sawv cev theem, thiab siv cov txheej txheem cua sov stepwise. Tom qab ntawd, nce qhov kub ntawm 95-98 degrees thiab tuav rau 45-60 feeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov dyeing kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov fiber ntau no txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev kho cua sov ua ntej dyeing. Cov dye uptake tus nqi txo qis ntawm cov fibers uas tau dhau los ua kom sov sov.
(2) Tswj pH qib
Thaum lub sij hawm nylon fiber dyeing, thaum dye da dej pH kuj siab, dye uptake yog tsawg. Tsuas yog tom qab pH poob mus rau ib qho nqi ntawm cov xim dye uptake pib, sai sai ncav cuag saturation. Tsis tas li ntawd txo qis pH yields tsis muaj qhov nce ntxiv hauv cov khoom noj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum pH txo mus rau 3, dye uptake nce sharply, qhia super-sib npaug adsorption.
Nylon fibers dyed nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj pH tej yam kev mob kuj raug rau hydrolysis. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab super- sib npaug adsorption tshwm sim, pH hauv cov fiber ntau ua qis dua li cov tshuaj, ua kom hydrolysis nrawm dua. Hydrolysis tsim cov amino pawg ntxiv, ua kom cov fiber ntau nkag tau thiab tso cai rau nws adsorb ntau zas, yog li ua kom tsis sib xws dyeing ntau dua. Yog li, raws li cov xwm txheej tiag tiag, kev tsim cov pH kom zoo tuaj yeem txo cov xim streaking.
Thaum dyeing nylon nrog tsis muaj zog acidic dyes: - Rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tswj pH ntawm 6-7 (kho nrog dyeing stabilizer M-215) thiab nce qib tus neeg sawv cev ntau npaum li cas los txhim kho dyeing uniformity thiab tiv thaiv mottling. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob muaj pH ntau dhau los tiv thaiv cov xim tsis zoo. Rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo tsaus, tuav lub pH ntawm 4-6 (kho nrog dyeing stabilizer M-215). Thaum lub sij hawm tuav cov cua sov, ntxiv ib qho tsim nyog ntawm acetic acid kom qis pH thiab txhawb dye uptake.
(3) Ua tib zoo saib rau kev xaiv thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qib
Muab cov nylon qhov tsis zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm dyeing, leveling agents yuav siv tau ib txhij nrog dyes nyob rau hauv lub da dej dye los yog siv raws li ib tug pre- kho rau nylon fibers. Anionic leveling agents dissociate mus rau hauv tsis zoo ions nyob rau hauv lub dye da dej, nkag mus rau lub fiber mus pib nyob rau hauv lub txwv dye sites ntawm nylon fibers. Raws li kub nce thaum lub sij hawm dyeing, cov ions no maj mam hloov los ntawm dye molecules, slowing lub dye -fiber binding tus nqi thiab ua tiav txawm dyeing. Nonionic leveling agents tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dyes nyob rau hauv da dej, ces maj mam decompose thaum lub sij hawm dyeing tso tawm dye molecules uas yog adsorbed los ntawm fiber.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm leveling ho txhim kho dyeing uniformity thiab overprinting peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce lawv cov concentration txo cov xim dye uptake tus nqi, ua rau ntau qib ntawm kev txo qis qis. Yog li ntawd, kev siv tus neeg sawv cev leveling yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dhau. Qhov no yog vim hais tias, ntxiv rau kev txhawb nqa cov dyeing zoo ib yam, cov neeg ua haujlwm theem kuj pom cov xim zas- thaiv cov teebmeem thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm qib txo cov dye uptake tus nqi ntawm cov kua qaub dyes, tsub kom cov concentration ntawm residual dye tov, thiab ua rau cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab tsis zoo reproducibility. Feem ntau, qib siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qib siab yog siv rau cov xim lub teeb, thaum cov nqi qis dua yog txaus rau cov xim tsaus.
(4) Yellowing
Lub teeb- cov xim nylon feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv zos, me ntsis daj thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub zoo li thiab zoo.
Ua rau Analysis:
Cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov hnab ntim cov hnab yas teb cov tshuaj nrog BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) hauv nylon, ua rau cov xim hloov thiab ua rau yellowing.
Kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv -phenol yellowing agents hauv dyeing lossis padding txheej txheem.
Xaus
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov txiaj ntsig dyeing ntawm nylon fibers tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv cov dyes uas tsim nyog, cov koom haum pab, ua ntej - teeb tsa cov txheej txheem, thiab cov txheej txheem dyeing zoo tshaj -xws li pH, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab sijhawm ntev -raws li cov kev cai dyeing tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev txiav txim siab zoo thiab sib npaug ntawm cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov zoo ntawm dyeing uniformity.
