Feem ntau tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem pretreatments, fabrics feem ntau mus rau txheej txheem dyeing. Lub hom phiaj ntawm dyeing yog muab cov xim uas xav tau rau hauv cov ntaub - xim.
Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntau yam, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog siv cov dyes tshwj xeeb thiab cov pab cuam hauv dej ua qhov nruab nrab, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb (xws li qhov kub thiab txias thiab PH nqi)
Polyester fiber ntau
Polyester fibers yog dyed siv disperse dyes. Txij li thaum polyester fibers lawv tus kheej tsis muaj cov txheeb ze, cov kev mob dyeing yog qhov xav tau ntau dua. Tshwj xeeb, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau ua kom cov polyester fiber molecular chains, ua kom qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm fiber ntau. Qhov no tso cai rau cov xim zoo nkauj nkag mus rau cov fiber ntau thiab daim ntawv cog lus, yog li kho cov xim.
Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj lub zog txaus los qhib cov polyester fiber molecular chains; Qhov kub yuav tsum ncav cuag 130 degree. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, glacial acetic acid, softeners, leveling agents, thiab dispersing agents yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv da dej dyeing los tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem.
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm glacial acetic acid yog los kho tus nqi PH (acidity / alkalinity) ntawm cov dye da dej mus rau ib tug me ntsis acidic theem, yog li ua kom lub solubility thiab nkag mus rau disperse dyes thiab ua dyeing yooj yim dua.
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm softener hauv da dej dyeing yog ua kom cov ntaub mos muag thaum lub sij hawm dyeing, tiv thaiv cov ntaub tsis xws li creases thiab "cov nqaij qaib claw" cuam tshuam.
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev theem yog los kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dyeing thiab cov ntaub thaum lub sij hawm dyeing txheej txheem kom ua tiav qib dyeing nyhuv.
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev dispersing yog los pab disperse dyes disperse tusyees nyob rau hauv lub dye da dej, tiv thaiv lub dispersion ntawm disperse dyes thiab tsim cov xim me ntsis.
Thaum dyeing polyester fibers, sublimation ceev ntawm disperse dyes yuav tsum tau xav txog. Sublimation yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas cov khoom hloov pauv ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom mus rau cov roj hauv qab cua sov. Txij li thaum polyester fibers thiab dyes tsis muaj reactive pawg rau fixation, siab kub thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa ua dye sublimation, ua rau cov xim fading. Yog li ntawd, thaum dyeing polyester nrog disperse dyes, sublimation ceev yuav tsum tau xav txog. Kev xaiv xim feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua zaum kawg.
Txij li thaum dyeing tshwm sim nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias thiab yuav tsum muaj lub zog tseem ceeb los txhawb kev txav ntawm polyester fiber chains, kev ntxuav ceev ntawm dyed polyester yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov xim sib sib zog nqus xws li ultra-dub, cov xim ntau ntau tiv thaiv kev nkag mus thiab txhim kho hauv cov fiber ntau sab hauv. ua rau ntau tshaj dye adsorbed rau ntawm fiber ntau. Yog tias tsis tau muab tshem tawm kom huv si, cov xim seem no yuav cuam tshuam kev ntxuav ceev. Yog li ntawd, xab npum ntxuav thiab yaug yuav tsum tau ua tom qab dyeing.
xab npum ntxuav yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab dej qab zib tshauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom tshem tawm cov dyes adsorbed rau ntawm cov fiber ntau, ua raws li cov dej huv kom huv si kom cov ntaub so sai sai.
Nylon fiber ntau
Kev dyeing ntawm nylon fibers feem ntau siv cov kua qaub dyes thiab qee cov dyes disperse. Dispersed dyes feem ntau yog siv rau cov duab sib zog, thaum cov kua qaub dyes pom qhov dav tshaj plaws. Acid dyes yog categorized rau hauv: - Uniform-dyeing acid dyes (muaj zog acid dyes); - Semi-uniform-dyeing acid dyes (tsis muaj kua qaub dyes); thiab nruab nrab dyes.
Kev xaiv ntawm dyes yog nyob ntawm cov xim tob:
1. Lub teeb xim: Disperse dyes thiab tusyees-dyeing acid dyes;
2. Nruab nrab- xim tsaus: Semi-ib yam -dyeing acid dyes;
3. Tsaus ntxoov ntxoo: nruab nrab dyes;
Rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav ceev heev, hlau- cov dyes nyuaj yog ua hauj lwm (tsis tshua muaj siv). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dyeing nylon nrog cov kua qaub dyes koom nrog covalent bonding thiab van der Waals rog ntawm cov dyeing thiab fiber nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic da dej. Tom qab fixation, cov dye yog anched rau fiber ntau rau impart xim. Dyeing tej yam kev mob muaj xws li kub, pH, thiab leveling agents.
Cov hauv qab no piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem rau cov dyes sib txawv:
1. Sib npaug -dyeing acid dyes: Kuj tseem hu ua acid dyes muaj zog, cov no yuav tsum tau dyeing nyob rau hauv acidic mob, nrog glacial acetic acid ntxiv los txhawb dyeing. Lawv muaj cov qib zoo heev tab sis tsis zoo ntxuav ceev. Yog li ntawd, kho fixation yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tau raws li qhov txaus fastness.
2. Semi-leveling acid dyes: Kuj hu ua qaug zog acid dyes, cov no yuav tsum dyeing nyob rau hauv weakly acidic tej yam kev mob. Txij li cov dyes pom tau tias muaj kev yoog raws li kev siv fiber ntau, kev siv acetic acid yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm qib kuj tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv cov xim tsis sib xws thiab cov xim streaks tshwm sim los ntawm ntau qhov dye nkag mus ceev.
3. Cov dyes tsis zoo: Cov no yuav tsum dyeing nyob rau hauv ze -qhov nruab nrab. Txij li cov dyes sib cog lus ruaj khov rau fibers thiab nyuaj rau tshem tawm, kev siv acetic acid tsawg tsawg lossis tsis tsim nyog. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm theem ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim lawv pab kom qeeb cov txheej txheem dyeing.
Tsuas yog cov dyes disperse, uas feem ntau tsis tas yuav kho kho, acid dyeing ntawm nylon fibers feem ntau xav tau kev siv cov tshuaj kho kom zoo dua qub. Zuag qhia tag nrho, dyeing nylon fibers suav nrog kev xav txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kua qaub dyes thiab lawv qhov ceev ceev. Cov txheej txheem tswj tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ntau txoj hauv kev raws li cov xim tshwj xeeb siv.
Rau cov kua qaub-dyed nylon fibers, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li Fe thiab Mn. Cov ions no ua rau cov xim hloov pauv -tshwj xeeb, ua rau tsaus nti.
Yog li, cov dej siv rau cov kua qaub dyeing nylon yuav tsum tau txais kev sib pauv ion. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev hla dej los ntawm kev sib pauv ion uas Na ions hloov cov hlau hnyav xws li Fe thiab Mn.
Txij li thaum dyeability ntawm nylon fibers yog cuam tshuam los ntawm tshav kub, tsis sib xws thaum lub sij hawm pretreatment yuav cuam tshuam dyeing uniformity. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev dyeing ntawm cov fibers. Raws li tag nrho cov txheej txheem dyeing tau piav saum toj no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dyeing vats, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov lus piav qhia dav dav ntawm vat qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm, feem ntau yog siv high - kub, siab - siab dhau dyeing tshuab ua piv txwv.
